smile.stat.distribution

Class ExponentialDistribution

java.lang.Object

smile.stat.distribution.AbstractDistribution

smile.stat.distribution.ExponentialDistribution

All Implemented Interfaces:

Distribution, ExponentialFamily

public class ExponentialDistribution
extends AbstractDistribution
implements ExponentialFamily

An exponential distribution describes the times between events in a Poisson process, in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate. Exponential variables can also be used to model situations where certain events occur with a constant probability per unit length, such as the distance between mutations on a DNA strand. In real world scenarios, the assumption of a constant rate is rarely satisfied. But if we focus on a time interval during which the rate is roughly constant, the exponential distribution can be used as a good approximate model.

The exponential distribution may be viewed as a continuous counterpart of the geometric distribution, which describes the number of Bernoulli trials necessary for a discrete process to change state. In contrast, the exponential distribution describes the time for a continuous process to change state.

The probability density function of an exponential distribution is f(x; λ) = λe^-λx for x ≥ 0. The cumulative distribution function is given by F(x; λ) = 1 - e^{-λ x} for x ≥ 0. An important property of the exponential distribution is that it is memoryless. This means that if a random variable T is exponentially distributed, its conditional probability obeys Pr(T > s + t | T > s) = Pr(T > t) for all s, t ≥ 0.

In queuing theory, the service times of agents in a system are often modeled as exponentially distributed variables. Reliability theory and reliability engineering also make extensive use of the exponential distribution. Because of the memoryless property of this distribution, it is well-suited to model the constant hazard rate portion of the bathtub curve used in reliability theory. The exponential distribution is however not appropriate to model the overall lifetime of organisms or technical devices, because the "failure rates" here are not constant: more failures occur for very young and for very old systems.

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
ExponentialDistribution(double lambda) Constructor.
ExponentialDistribution(double[] data) Constructor.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
double	cdf(double x) Cumulative distribution function.
double	entropy() Shannon entropy of the distribution.
double	getLambda() Returns the rate parameter.
double	logp(double x) The density at x in log scale, which may prevents the underflow problem.
Mixture.Component	M(double[] x, double[] posteriori) The M step in the EM algorithm, which depends the specific distribution.
double	mean() The mean of distribution.
int	npara() The number of parameters of the distribution.
double	p(double x) The probability density function for continuous distribution or probability mass function for discrete distribution at x.
double	quantile(double p) The quantile, the probability to the left of quantile is p.
double	rand() Generates a random number following this distribution.
double	sd() The standard deviation of distribution.
java.lang.String	toString()
double	var() The variance of distribution.

Methods inherited from class smile.stat.distribution.AbstractDistribution

likelihood, logLikelihood

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

ExponentialDistribution

public ExponentialDistribution(double lambda)

Constructor.

Parameters:

lambda - rate parameter.

ExponentialDistribution

public ExponentialDistribution(double[] data)

Constructor. Parameter will be estimated from the data by MLE.

Method Detail

getLambda

public double getLambda()

Returns the rate parameter.

npara

public int npara()

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The number of parameters of the distribution.

Specified by:

npara in interface Distribution

mean

public double mean()

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The mean of distribution.

Specified by:

mean in interface Distribution

var

public double var()

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The variance of distribution.

Specified by:

var in interface Distribution

sd

public double sd()

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The standard deviation of distribution.

Specified by:

sd in interface Distribution

entropy

public double entropy()

Description copied from interface: Distribution

Shannon entropy of the distribution.

Specified by:

entropy in interface Distribution

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

Overrides:

toString in class java.lang.Object

rand

public double rand()

Description copied from interface: Distribution

Generates a random number following this distribution.

Specified by:

rand in interface Distribution

p

public double p(double x)

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The probability density function for continuous distribution or probability mass function for discrete distribution at x.

Specified by:

p in interface Distribution

logp

public double logp(double x)

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The density at x in log scale, which may prevents the underflow problem.

Specified by:

logp in interface Distribution

cdf

public double cdf(double x)

Description copied from interface: Distribution

Cumulative distribution function. That is the probability to the left of x.

Specified by:

cdf in interface Distribution

quantile

public double quantile(double p)

Description copied from interface: Distribution

The quantile, the probability to the left of quantile is p. It is actually the inverse of cdf.

Specified by:

quantile in interface Distribution

M

public Mixture.Component M(double[] x,
                           double[] posteriori)

Description copied from interface: ExponentialFamily

The M step in the EM algorithm, which depends the specific distribution.

Specified by:

M in interface ExponentialFamily

Parameters:

x - the input data for estimation

posteriori - the posteriori probability.

Returns:

the (unnormalized) weight of this distribution in the mixture.