PuMath

Documentation of 'jv.vecmath.PuMath' Java class PuMath ("JavaView Reference Manual")

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"JavaView^? v5.03.003"

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java.lang.Object
- jv.vecmath.PuMath

```
public class PuMath
extends java.lang.Object
```
Mathematical utility functions extending java.lang.Math.

See Also:

Math

Author:

Konrad Polthier

Version:

18.04.05, 1.80 revised (ep) New method precision.
20.04.02, 1.71 revised (kp) Accuracy of golden section increased.
29.08.00, 1.70 revised (ur) Heap sort method for int[] added.
07.07.99, 1.60 revised (kp) Additional hyperbolic trigonometric functions added.
11.06.99, 1.50 revised (kp) Hyperbolic trigonometric functions of Samy added.
00.00.97, 1.00 created (kp)

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static double`	`EPS` Numerical machine accuracy, e.g. used to check for zero and as stopping criterion.
`static double`	`GOLD` Ratio of the golden section `GOLD = (sqrt(5)+1)/2`.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description

PuMath()

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`PuMath()`

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static double`	`acosh(double x)` Mathematical `acosh(x)=ln(x+sqrt(x*x-1))` function.
`static double`	`acoth(double x)` Mathematical `acoth(x) = ln((1.`
`static boolean`	`angle(double[] agl, double a, double b, double c)` Return all three angles opposite to sides of triangle with given side lengths.
`static double`	`angle(double a, double b, double c)` Return angle opposite to side `a` of triangle with given side lengths.
`static double`	`area(double a, double b, double c)` Return area of triangle with given side lengths.
`static double`	`asinh(double x)` Mathematical `asinh(x)=ln(x+sqrt(x*x+1))` function.
`static double`	`atanh(double x)` Mathematical `atanh(x) = ln((1.`
`static double`	`binom(int n, int k)` Return binomial coefficients n over k.
`static double`	`cosh(double x)` Mathematical `cosh(x)` function.
`static double`	`coth(double x)` Mathematical `coth(x)` function.
`static void`	`ctg(double[] ctg, double a, double b, double c)` Return `cot()` of all three angles opposite to sides of triangle with given side lengths.
`static double`	`ctg(double a, double b, double c)` Return `cot(alpha)` of angle opposite to side `a` of triangle with given side lengths.
`static double`	`dist(double[] v, double[] w)` Return distance between two vectors given as double arrays.
`static double`	`dot(double[] v, double[] w)` Return dot product of two vectors given as double arrays.
`static double`	`exp(double basis, double exp)` Return exponential with respect to given basis.
`static int`	`factorial(int n)` Return faculty n!
`static int`	`gcd(int m, int n)` Compute the greatest common divisor of two integers m and n.
`static int`	`gcd(PiVector piv)` Compute the greatest common divisor of an arrary of numbers.
`static void`	`heapsort(int n, double[] arrin, int[] indx)` Sort an array of double value in ascending order.
`static void`	`heapsort(int n, int[] arrin, int[] indx)` Sort an array of integer value in ascending order.
`static int`	`lcm(int a, int b)` Returns the least common multiple of a and b.
`static double`	`log(double basis, double arg)` Return logarithm with respect to given basis.
`static void`	`main(java.lang.String[] args)` Main method to test heapsort method
`static int`	`modulo(int value, int base)` Performs a modulo operation (value mod base).
`static double`	`precision(double x, double p)` Rounds the given number to a certain precision.
`static void`	`projectOnto(double[] v, double[] dir)` Project vector `v` onto line `dir` and store result in `v`.
`static int`	`sign(double x)` Return sign of argument as integer value.
`static double`	`sign(double a, double b)` Return first argument with sign of second argument.
`static double`	`sinh(double x)` Mathematical `sinh(x)` function.
`static double`	`sqr(double x)` Mathematical `x^2` function.
`static double`	`sqrDist(double[] v, double[] w)` Return square distance between two vectors given as double arrays.
`static double`	`tanh(double x)` Mathematical `tanh(x)` function.
`static double`	`toDegrees(double angrad)` Converts an angle measured in radians [0,2Pi] to the equivalent angle measured in degrees [0,360].
`static double`	`toRadians(double angdeg)` Converts an angle measured in degrees [0,360] to the equivalent angle measured in radians [0,2Pi].

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - EPS
```
public static final double EPS
```
    Numerical machine accuracy, e.g. used to check for zero and as stopping criterion.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - GOLD
```
public static final double GOLD
```
    Ratio of the golden section GOLD = (sqrt(5)+1)/2.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
- Constructor Detail
  - PuMath
```
public PuMath()
```
- Method Detail
  - sign
```
public static int sign(double x)
```
    Return sign of argument as integer value.
  - sign
```
public static double sign(double a,
                          double b)
```
    Return first argument with sign of second argument.
  - log
```
public static double log(double basis,
                         double arg)
```
    Return logarithm with respect to given basis. Basis must be larger than 1.
  - exp
```
public static double exp(double basis,
                         double exp)
```
    Return exponential with respect to given basis. Basis must be larger than 1.
  - sqr
```
public static double sqr(double x)
```
    Mathematical x^2 function.
  - sinh
```
public static double sinh(double x)
```
    Mathematical sinh(x) function.
  - cosh
```
public static double cosh(double x)
```
    Mathematical cosh(x) function.
  - tanh
```
public static double tanh(double x)
```
    Mathematical tanh(x) function.
  - coth
```
public static double coth(double x)
```
    Mathematical coth(x) function.
  - asinh
```
public static double asinh(double x)
```
    Mathematical asinh(x)=ln(x+sqrt(x*x+1)) function.
  - acosh
```
public static double acosh(double x)
```
    Mathematical acosh(x)=ln(x+sqrt(x*x-1)) function.
  - atanh
```
public static double atanh(double x)
```
    Mathematical atanh(x) = ln((1.+x)/(1.-x))/2. function.
  - acoth
```
public static double acoth(double x)
```
    Mathematical acoth(x) = ln((1.+x)/(x-1.))/2. function.
  - area
```
public static double area(double a,
                          double b,
                          double c)
```
    Return area of triangle with given side lengths.
  - angle
```
public static double angle(double a,
                           double b,
                           double c)
```
    Return angle opposite to side a of triangle with given side lengths.
  - angle
```
public static boolean angle(double[] agl,
                            double a,
                            double b,
                            double c)
```
    Return all three angles opposite to sides of triangle with given side lengths.
  - ctg
```
public static double ctg(double a,
                         double b,
                         double c)
```
    Return cot(alpha) of angle opposite to side a of triangle with given side lengths.
  - ctg
```
public static void ctg(double[] ctg,
                       double a,
                       double b,
                       double c)
```
    Return cot() of all three angles opposite to sides of triangle with given side lengths.
  - projectOnto
```
public static void projectOnto(double[] v,
                               double[] dir)
```
    Project vector v onto line dir and store result in v. Both vectors given as double arrays.
  - dot
```
public static double dot(double[] v,
                         double[] w)
```
    Return dot product of two vectors given as double arrays.
  - sqrDist
```
public static double sqrDist(double[] v,
                             double[] w)
```
    Return square distance between two vectors given as double arrays.
  - dist
```
public static double dist(double[] v,
                          double[] w)
```
    Return distance between two vectors given as double arrays.
  - factorial
```
public static int factorial(int n)
```
    Return faculty n! for integer argument n.
    
    Version:
    
    02.06.04, 1.10 revised (kp) Avoid superfluous internal array allocation.
  - binom
```
public static double binom(int n,
                           int k)
```
    Return binomial coefficients n over k.
  - toRadians
```
public static double toRadians(double angdeg)
```
    Converts an angle measured in degrees [0,360] to the equivalent angle measured in radians [0,2Pi].
    
    Parameters:
    
    angdeg - an angle, in degrees
    
    Returns:
    
    angle angdeg converted to radians.
    
    Since:
    
    JavaView 3.84.025
    
    Version:
    
    15.03.05, 1.00 created (kp)
  - toDegrees
```
public static double toDegrees(double angrad)
```
    Converts an angle measured in radians [0,2Pi] to the equivalent angle measured in degrees [0,360].
    
    Parameters:
    
    angrad - an angle, in radians
    
    Returns:
    
    angle angrad converted to degrees.
    
    Since:
    
    JavaView 3.84.025
    
    Version:
    
    15.03.05, 1.00 created (kp)
  - gcd
```
public static int gcd(int m,
                      int n)
```
    Compute the greatest common divisor of two integers m and n. TODO: (poe) This does not work if m is negative.
    
    Author:
    
    Konrad Polthier
    
    Version:
    
    27.12.99, 1.10 created (kp) Converted to Java.
    18.04.93, 1.00 created (kp) In C code.
  - gcd
```
public static int gcd(PiVector piv)
```
    Compute the greatest common divisor of an arrary of numbers.
    
    Author:
    
    Matthias Nieser
    
    Version:
    
    06.08.10, 1.00 created (mn)
  - main
```
public static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
```
    Main method to test heapsort method
  - heapsort
```
public static final void heapsort(int n,
                                  double[] arrin,
                                  int[] indx)
```
    Sort an array of double value in ascending order. The ascending order of the double array is provided through the indx vector. After performing this method, the indx vector contains the ordering of the double array, i.e. arrin[indx[0]] is the smallest and arrin[indx[n-1]] the largest double value.
    The initial values in the index vector are irrelevant.
    New heapsort has index counting starts at 0 instead of previous NR-type at 1.
    
    Author:
    
    Numerical Recipes, changed to Java and adapted by Konrad Polthier
    
    Version:
    
    25.03.03, 1.15 (kp) Return immediately if n<=0.
    09.06.00, 1.11 (kp) ArrayOutOfBounds exception for n==1 cured.
    23.04.00, 1.10 (kp) NR counting changed to start at 0.
  - heapsort
```
public static final void heapsort(int n,
                                  int[] arrin,
                                  int[] indx)
```
    Sort an array of integer value in ascending order. The ascending order of the double array is provided through the indx vector. After performing this method, the indx vector contains the ordering of the integer array, i.e. arrin[indx[0]] is the smallest and arrin[indx[n-1]] the largest integer value.
    The initial values in the index vector are irrelevant.
    New heapsort has index counting starts at 0 instead of previous NR-type at 1.
    
    Author:
    
    Numerical Recipes, changed to Java and adapted by Konrad Polthier
    
    Version:
    
    25.03.03, 1.15 (kp) Return immediately if n<=0.
    09.06.00, 1.11 (kp) ArrayOutOfBounds exception for n==1 cured.
    23.04.00, 1.10 (kp) NR counting changed to start at 0.
  - precision
```
public static double precision(double x,
                               double p)
```
    Rounds the given number to a certain precision.
    
    Parameters:
    
    x - number
    
    p - precision, e.g. 1e-10
  - modulo
```
public static int modulo(int value,
                         int base)
```
    Performs a modulo operation (value mod base). If value is positive, this accords to the java operator %. This method also computes the correct modulo values for negative numbers, i.e. (-9) mod 10 = 1.
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - given value.@param @param
    
    base - Base number for evaluation. Must be positive.
    
    Author:
    
    Matthias Nieser
    
    Version:
    
    22.10.06, 1.00 created (mn)
  - lcm
```
public static int lcm(int a,
                      int b)
```
    Returns the least common multiple of a and b.
    
    Parameters:
    
    a - An integer
    
    b - An integer
    
    Returns:
    
    The least common multiple.
    
    Author:
    
    Konstantin Poelke

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"JavaView^? v5.03.003"

All Classes

Summary:
Nested |
Field |
Constr |
Method

Detail:
Field |
Constr |
Method

Class PuMath

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

EPS

GOLD

Constructor Detail

PuMath

Method Detail

sign

sign

log

exp

sqr

sinh

cosh

tanh

coth

asinh

acosh

atanh

acoth

area

angle

angle

ctg

ctg

projectOnto

dot

sqrDist

dist

factorial

binom

toRadians

toDegrees

gcd

gcd

main

heapsort

heapsort

precision

modulo

lcm