/*
 * Encog(tm) Core v3.4 - Java Version
 * http://www.heatonresearch.com/encog/
 * https://github.com/encog/encog-java-core
 
 * Copyright 2008-2016 Heaton Research, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *   
 * For more information on Heaton Research copyrights, licenses 
 * and trademarks visit:
 * http://www.heatonresearch.com/copyright
 */
package org.encog.engine.network.activation;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * This interface allows various activation functions to be used with the neural
 * network. Activation functions are applied to the output from each layer of a
 * neural network. Activation functions scale the output into the desired range.
 * 
 * Methods are provided both to process the activation function, as well as the
 * derivative of the function. Some training algorithms, particularly back
 * propagation, require that it be possible to take the derivative of the
 * activation function.
 * 
 * Not all activation functions support derivatives. If you implement an
 * activation function that is not derivable then an exception should be thrown
 * inside of the derivativeFunction method implementation.
 * 
 * Non-derivable activation functions are perfectly valid, they simply cannot be
 * used with every training algorithm.
 */
public interface ActivationFunction extends Serializable, Cloneable {

	/**
	 * Implements the activation function. The array is modified according to
	 * the activation function being used. See the class description for more
	 * specific information on this type of activation function.
	 * 
	 * @param d
	 *            The input array to the activation function.
	 * @param start
	 * 		The starting index.
	 * @param size
	 * 		The number of values to calculate.
	 */
	void activationFunction(double[] d, int start, int size);

	/**
	 * Calculate the derivative.  For performance reasons two numbers are provided.
	 * First, the value "b" is simply the number that we would like to calculate
	 * the derivative of.
	 * 
	 * Second, the value "a", which is the value returned by the activation function,
	 * when presented with "b".  
	 * 
	 * We use two values because some of the most common activation functions make 
	 * use of the result of the activation function.  It is bad for performance to
	 * calculate this value twice.  Yet, not all derivatives are calculated this way.
	 * By providing both the value before the activation function is applied ("b"), 
	 * and after the activation function is applied("a"), the class can be constructed
	 * to use whichever value will be the most efficient.
	 * 
	 * @param b
	 *            The number to calculate the derivative of, the number "before" the
	 *            activation function was applied.
	 * @param a
	 *            The number "after" an activation function has been applied.
	 * @return The derivative.
	 */
	double derivativeFunction(double b, double a);

	/**
	 * @return Return true if this function has a derivative.
	 */
	boolean hasDerivative();

	/**
	 * @return The params for this activation function.
	 */
	double[] getParams();

	/**
	 * Set one of the params for this activation function.
	 * @param index The index of the param to set.
	 * @param value The value to set.
	 */
	void setParam(int index, double value);

	/**
	 * @return The names of the parameters.
	 */
	String[] getParamNames();

	/**
	 * @return A cloned copy of this activation function.
	 */
	ActivationFunction clone();

	/**
	 * @return The string for the Encog factory code.  Return null if you do not care
	 * to be support for creating of your activation through factory.
	 */
	String getFactoryCode();
	
	/**
	 * @return The human-friendly name for this activation
	 */
	String getLabel();

}