package jhplot.io;

import java.io.*;

/**
 * Class for reading binary data from files to multidimensional arrays
 * and writing binary data to files from multidimensional arrays.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005  Vincent Cheung (vincent@psi.toronto.edu, http://www.psi.toronto.edu/~vincent/)
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * @author Vincent Cheung
 * @version 1.3 11/23/05
 */
public class ArrayReaderWriter {

	/**
	 * Writes an array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(double[] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
			value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i]);
			
			// write the 64-bit long to the stream
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
				file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
			
				value >>= 8;
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(double[][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
				value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i][j]);
				
				// write the 64-bit long to the stream
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
					file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
				
					value >>= 8;
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(double[][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
					value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i][j][k]);
					
					// write the 64-bit long to the stream
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
						file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
						value >>= 8;
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(double[][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
						value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[t][i][j][k]);
					
						// write the 64-bit long to the stream
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
							file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
							value >>= 8;
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(double[][][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length, array[0][0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
							value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[t][i][j][k][m]);
						
							// write the 64-bit long to the stream
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
								file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
						
								value >>= 8;
							} // end for
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Reads an array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static double[] read1DArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		double[] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[1];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new double[size[0]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			value = 0;
				
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
				value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
			
			array[i] = Double.longBitsToDouble(value);

		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read1DArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static double[][] read2DArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		double[][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[2];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new double[size[0]][size[1]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				value = 0;
				
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
					value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
				
				array[i][j] = Double.longBitsToDouble(value);

			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read2DArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static double[][][] read3DArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		double[][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[3];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new double[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					value = 0;
					
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
						value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
					
					array[i][j][k] = Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
				
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read3DArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static double[][][][] read4DArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		double[][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[4];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new double[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						value = 0;
						
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
							value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
						
						array[t][i][j][k] = Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read4DArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static double[][][][][] read5DArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		double[][][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[5];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new double[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]][size[4]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							value = 0;
						
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
								value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
							
							array[t][i][j][k][m] = Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
						} // end for
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read5DArray method

	
	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// float arrays
	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	
	/**
	 * Writes an array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(float[] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
			value = Double.doubleToLongBits((float)array[i]);
			
			// write the 64-bit long to the stream
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
				file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
			
				value >>= 8;
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(float[][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
				value = Double.doubleToLongBits((float)array[i][j]);
				
				// write the 64-bit long to the stream
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
					file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
				
					value >>= 8;
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(float[][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
					value = Double.doubleToLongBits((float)array[i][j][k]);
					
					// write the 64-bit long to the stream
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
						file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
						value >>= 8;
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(float[][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
						value = Double.doubleToLongBits((float)array[t][i][j][k]);
					
						// write the 64-bit long to the stream
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
							file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
							value >>= 8;
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(float[][][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length, array[0][0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
							value = Double.doubleToLongBits((float)array[t][i][j][k][m]);
						
							// write the 64-bit long to the stream
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
								file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
						
								value >>= 8;
							} // end for
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Reads an array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static float[] read1DFloatArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		float[] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[1];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new float[size[0]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			value = 0;
				
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
				value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
			
			array[i] = (float)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);

		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read1DFloatArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static float[][] read2DFloatArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		float[][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[2];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new float[size[0]][size[1]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				value = 0;
				
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
					value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
				
				array[i][j] = (float)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);

			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read2DFloatArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static float[][][] read3DFloatArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		float[][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[3];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new float[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					value = 0;
					
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
						value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
					
					array[i][j][k] = (float)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
				
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read3DFloatArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static float[][][][] read4DFloatArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		float[][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[4];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new float[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						value = 0;
						
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
							value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
						
						array[t][i][j][k] = (float)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read4DFloatArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static float[][][][][] read5DFloatArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		float[][][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[5];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new float[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]][size[4]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							value = 0;
						
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
								value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
							
							array[t][i][j][k][m] = (float)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
						} // end for
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read5DFloatArray method


	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// integer arrays
	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	
	/**
	 * Writes an array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Integers are converted to doubles.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(int[] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
			value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i]);
			
			// write the 64-bit long to the stream
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
				file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
			
				value >>= 8;
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Integers are converted to doubles.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(int[][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
				value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i][j]);
				
				// write the 64-bit long to the stream
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
					file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
				
					value >>= 8;
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Integers are converted to doubles.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(int[][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
					value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i][j][k]);
					
					// write the 64-bit long to the stream
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
						file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
						value >>= 8;
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Integers are converted to doubles.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(int[][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
						value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[t][i][j][k]);
					
						// write the 64-bit long to the stream
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
							file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
							value >>= 8;
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Integers are converted to doubles.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(int[][][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length, array[0][0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
							value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[t][i][j][k][m]);
						
							// write the 64-bit long to the stream
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
								file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
						
								value >>= 8;
							} // end for
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method


	/**
	 * Reads an array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Double values in the file are converted to integers.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static int[] read1DIntArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		int[] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[1];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new int[size[0]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			value = 0;
				
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
				value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
			
			array[i] = (int)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);

		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read1DIntArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Double values in the file are converted to integers.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static int[][] read2DIntArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		int[][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[2];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new int[size[0]][size[1]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				value = 0;
				
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
					value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
				
				array[i][j] = (int)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);

			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read2DIntArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Double values in the file are converted to integers.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static int[][][] read3DIntArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		int[][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[3];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new int[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					value = 0;
					
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
						value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
					
					array[i][j][k] = (int)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
				
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read3DIntArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Double values in the file are converted to integers.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static int[][][][] read4DIntArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		int[][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[4];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new int[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						value = 0;
						
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
							value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
						
						array[t][i][j][k] = (int)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read4DIntArray method
	
	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Double values in the file are converted to integers.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static int[][][][][] read5DIntArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		int[][][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[5];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new int[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]][size[4]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							value = 0;
							
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
								value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
							
							array[t][i][j][k][m] = (int)Double.longBitsToDouble(value);
						} // end for
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read5DIntArray method
	
	
	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// boolean arrays
	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		
	/**
	 * Writes an array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Boolean "true" values are converted to 1.0 and "false" to 0.0.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(boolean[] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
			value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i] ? 1 : 0);
			
			// write the 64-bit long to the stream
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
				file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
			
				value >>= 8;
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Boolean "true" values are converted to 1.0 and "false" to 0.0.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(boolean[][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
				value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i][j] ? 1 : 0);
				
				// write the 64-bit long to the stream
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
					file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
				
					value >>= 8;
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Boolean "true" values are converted to 1.0 and "false" to 0.0.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(boolean[][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
					value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i][j][k] ? 1 : 0);
					
					// write the 64-bit long to the stream
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
						file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
						value >>= 8;
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method
	
	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Boolean "true" values are converted to 1.0 and "false" to 0.0.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(boolean[][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
						value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[t][i][j][k] ? 1 : 0);
					
						// write the 64-bit long to the stream
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
							file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
					
							value >>= 8;
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method

	/**
	 * Writes a rectangular jagged array to a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * Boolean "true" values are converted to 1.0 and "false" to 0.0.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
	 *
	 * @param array the array to write to the file
	 * @param filename the name of the file to write to
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void write(boolean[][][][][] array, String filename) throws IOException {
		
		// the size of the array
		int[] size = {array.length, array[0].length, array[0][0].length, array[0][0][0].length, array[0][0][0][0].length};
		
		int temp;
		long value;
	
		// create a stream to the file, overwriting any existing file and creating
		// the necessary directories
		BufferedOutputStream file = getStream(filename);

		// write the number of array dimensions to the file
		temp = size.length;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
			
			temp >>= 8;
		}
		
		// write the array dimensions to the file
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++) {
			
			temp = size[i];
			
			for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
				file.write((byte)(temp & 0xff));
				
				temp >>= 8;
			}
		}

		// write the array to the file
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							// get the 64-bit long representation of the double
							value = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[t][i][j][k][m] ? 1 : 0);
						
							// write the 64-bit long to the stream
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
								file.write((byte)(value & 0xff));
						
								value >>= 8;
							} // end for
						} // end for
					} // end for
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
	} // end write method


	/**
	 * Reads an array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static boolean[] read1DBooleanArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		boolean[] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[1];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new boolean[size[0]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			value = 0;
				
			for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
				value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
			
			array[i] = (Double.longBitsToDouble(value) == 1);

		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read1DBooleanArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static boolean[][] read2DBooleanArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		boolean[][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[2];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new boolean[size[0]][size[1]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				value = 0;
				
				for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
					value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
				
				array[i][j] = (Double.longBitsToDouble(value) == 1);

			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read2DBooleanArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static boolean[][][] read3DBooleanArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		boolean[][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[3];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new boolean[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			for(int j = 0; j < array[0].length; j++) {
				for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0].length; k++) {
					value = 0;
					
					for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
						value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
					
					array[i][j][k] = (Double.longBitsToDouble(value) == 1);
				
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read3DBooleanArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * 1.0 values are converted to "true" and 0.0 to "false".
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static boolean[][][][] read4DBooleanArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		boolean[][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[4];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new boolean[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						value = 0;
						
						for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
							value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
						
						array[t][i][j][k] = (Double.longBitsToDouble(value) == 1);
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read4DBooleanArray method

	/**
	 * Reads a rectangular jagged array from a file.
	 *
	 * The first four bytes (an integer) in the file indicate the number of dimensions of the array.
	 * The size of the array along each of the dimensions are then written as four bytes each (integers),
	 * note that the size along each of the dimensions must remain constant
	 * The rest of the file contains the array values (double values)
	 *
	 * The 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point "double format" bit layout is used
	 * to write the byte representation of double values to the file.
	 *
	 * 1.0 values are converted to "true" and 0.0 to "false".
	 *
	 * All values are written to the file in little endian form.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file containing the array
	 * @return the array in the file
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static boolean[][][][][] read5DBooleanArray(String filename) throws IOException {
	
		BufferedInputStream file = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename));

		boolean[][][][][] array = null;
		int[] size = new int[5];
		
		int temp;
		long value;

		// get the number of dimensions of the array in the file
		temp = (file.read() & 0xff)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					| ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);
		
		if(temp != size.length)
			throw new IOException("File doesn't contain a " + size.length + " dimensional array");
		
		// get the size of the array along each of the dimensions
		for(int i = 0; i < size.length; i++)
			size[i] = (file.read() & 0xff)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 8)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 16)
					  | ((file.read() & 0xff) << 24);


		// read the array
		array = new boolean[size[0]][size[1]][size[2]][size[3]][size[4]];
		
		for(int t = 0; t < array.length; t++) {
			for(int i = 0; i < array[0].length; i++) {
				for(int j = 0; j < array[0][0].length; j++) {
					for(int k = 0; k < array[0][0][0].length; k++) {
						for(int m = 0; m < array[0][0][0][0].length; m++) {
							value = 0;
							
							for(int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
								value |= (long)(file.read() & 0xff) << (8 * n);
							
							array[t][i][j][k][m] = (Double.longBitsToDouble(value) == 1);
						} // end for
					} // end for	
				} // end for
			} // end for
		} // end for

		file.close();
		
		return(array);
	} // end read5DBooleanArray method
	
	
	/**
	 * Create a stream to the file specified by filename.
	 *
	 * If the file already exists, it is overwritten.  The necessary directories
	 * are created.
	 *
	 * @param filename the name of the file.
	 * @return a stream to the file.
	 */
	public static BufferedOutputStream getStream(String filename) throws IOException {
		File file = new File(filename);
			
		// create the necessary directories
		if (file.getParentFile() != null)
			file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
		
		// return a stream to the file
		return (new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename)));
		
		
	
	}
	
	
	
	
	
public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		// arrays must be rectangular, i.e. same number of columns for each row and vice versa
		int[][] x = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
		
		double[] y = {Math.PI, Math.E, Double.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE, -1.23};
		
		// the names of the files to create.
		// the necessary directories are created.
		String filename1 = "intArray.dat";
		String filename2 = "Results/doubleArray.dat";
		
		try {
			// write the arrays to files
			ArrayReaderWriter.write(x, filename1);
			ArrayReaderWriter.write(y, filename2);
		
			// read the arrays from the files
			x = ArrayReaderWriter.read2DIntArray(filename1);
			y = ArrayReaderWriter.read1DArray(filename2);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println(e);
		}
		
		// display the arrays
		for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < x[0].length; j++)
				System.out.print(x[i][j] + " ");
			
			System.out.println();
		}
		System.out.println();		
		
		for (int i = 0; i < y.length; i++)
			System.out.print(y[i] + " ");
		
		System.out.println();
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
} // end ArrayReaderWriter class