/*
* JScience - Java(TM) Tools and Libraries for the Advancement of Sciences.
* Copyright (C) 2006 - JScience (http://jscience.org/)
* All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software is
* freely granted, provided that this notice is preserved.
*/
package javax.measure.unit;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.measure.converter.LogConverter;
import javax.measure.converter.RationalConverter;
import javax.measure.quantity.*;
import static javax.measure.unit.SI.*;
/**
* This class contains units that are not part of the International
* System of Units, that is, they are outside the SI, but are important
* and widely used.
*
* @author Jean-Marie Dautelle
* @version 4.2, August 26, 2007
*/
public final class NonSI extends SystemOfUnits {
/**
* Holds collection of NonSI units.
*/
private static HashSet> UNITS = new HashSet>();
/**
* Holds the standard gravity constant: 9.80665 m/s² exact.
*/
private static final int STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVIDEND = 980665;
private static final int STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVISOR = 100000;
/**
* Holds the international foot: 0.3048 m exact.
*/
private static final int INTERNATIONAL_FOOT_DIVIDEND = 3048;
private static final int INTERNATIONAL_FOOT_DIViSOR = 10000;
/**
* Holds the avoirdupois pound: 0.45359237 kg exact
*/
private static final int AVOIRDUPOIS_POUND_DIVIDEND = 45359237;
private static final int AVOIRDUPOIS_POUND_DIVISOR = 100000000;
/**
* Holds the Avogadro constant.
*/
private static final double AVOGADRO_CONSTANT = 6.02214199e23; // (1/mol).
/**
* Holds the electric charge of one electron.
*/
private static final double ELEMENTARY_CHARGE = 1.602176462e-19; // (C).
/**
* Default constructor (prevents this class from being instantiated).
*/
private NonSI() {
}
/**
* Returns the unique instance of this class.
*
* @return the NonSI instance.
*/
public static NonSI getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
private static final NonSI INSTANCE = new NonSI();
///////////////////
// Dimensionless //
///////////////////
/**
* A dimensionless unit equals to 0.01
* (standard name %).
*/
public static final Unit PERCENT = nonSI(Unit.ONE.divide(100));
/**
* A logarithmic unit used to describe a ratio
* (standard name dB).
*/
public static final Unit DECIBEL = nonSI(Unit.ONE
.transform(new LogConverter(10).inverse().concatenate(
new RationalConverter(1, 10))));
/////////////////////////
// Amount of substance //
/////////////////////////
/**
* A unit of amount of substance equals to one atom
* (standard name atom).
*/
public static final Unit ATOM = nonSI(MOLE
.divide(AVOGADRO_CONSTANT));
////////////
// Length //
////////////
/**
* A unit of length equal to 0.3048 m
* (standard name ft).
*/
public static final Unit FOOT = nonSI(METRE.times(INTERNATIONAL_FOOT_DIVIDEND).divide(INTERNATIONAL_FOOT_DIViSOR));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 1200/3937 m
* (standard name foot_survey_us).
* See also: foot
*/
public static final Unit FOOT_SURVEY_US = nonSI(METRE
.times(1200).divide(3937));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 0.9144 m
* (standard name yd).
*/
public static final Unit YARD = nonSI(FOOT.times(3));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 0.0254 m
* (standard name in).
*/
public static final Unit INCH = nonSI(FOOT.divide(12));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 1609.344 m
* (standard name mi).
*/
public static final Unit MILE = nonSI(METRE.times(1609344).divide(1000));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 1852.0 m
* (standard name nmi).
*/
public static final Unit NAUTICAL_MILE = nonSI(METRE.times(1852));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 1E-10 m
* (standard name Å).
*/
public static final Unit ANGSTROM = nonSI(METRE.divide(10000000000L));
/**
* A unit of length equal to the average distance from the center of the
* Earth to the center of the Sun (standard name ua).
*/
public static final Unit ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT = nonSI(METRE
.times(149597870691.0));
/**
* A unit of length equal to the distance that light travels in one year
* through a vacuum (standard name ly).
*/
public static final Unit LIGHT_YEAR = nonSI(METRE.times(9.460528405e15));
/**
* A unit of length equal to the distance at which a star would appear to
* shift its position by one arcsecond over the course the time
* (about 3 months) in which the Earth moves a distance of
* {@link #ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT} in the direction perpendicular to the
* direction to the star (standard name pc).
*/
public static final Unit PARSEC = nonSI(METRE.times(30856770e9));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 0.013837 {@link #INCH} exactly
* (standard name pt).
* @see #PIXEL
*/
public static final Unit POINT = nonSI(INCH.times(13837).divide(1000000));
/**
* A unit of length equal to 1/72 {@link #INCH}
* (standard name pixel).
* It is the American point rounded to an even 1/72 inch.
* @see #POINT
*/
public static final Unit PIXEL = nonSI(INCH.divide(72));
/**
* Equivalent {@link #PIXEL}
*/
public static final Unit COMPUTER_POINT = PIXEL;
//////////////
// Duration //
//////////////
/**
* A unit of duration equal to 60 s
* (standard name min).
*/
public static final Unit MINUTE = nonSI(SI.SECOND.times(60));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to 60 {@link #MINUTE}
* (standard name h).
*/
public static final Unit HOUR = nonSI(MINUTE.times(60));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to 24 {@link #HOUR}
* (standard name d).
*/
public static final Unit DAY = nonSI(HOUR.times(24));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to 7 {@link #DAY}
* (standard name week).
*/
public static final Unit WEEK = nonSI(DAY.times(7));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes,
* and 12 seconds (standard name year).
*/
public static final Unit YEAR = nonSI(SECOND.times(31556952));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to one twelfth of a year
* (standard name month).
*/
public static final Unit MONTH = nonSI(YEAR.divide(12));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to the time required for a complete rotation of
* the earth in reference to any star or to the vernal equinox at the
* meridian, equal to 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds
* (standard name day_sidereal).
*/
public static final Unit DAY_SIDEREAL = nonSI(SECOND.times(86164.09));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to one complete revolution of the
* earth about the sun, relative to the fixed stars, or 365 days, 6 hours,
* 9 minutes, 9.54 seconds (standard name year_sidereal).
*/
public static final Unit YEAR_SIDEREAL = nonSI(SECOND
.times(31558149.54));
/**
* A unit of duration equal to 365 {@link #DAY}
* (standard name year_calendar).
*/
public static final Unit YEAR_CALENDAR = nonSI(DAY.times(365));
//////////
// Mass //
//////////
/**
* A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of the carbon-12 atom
* (standard name u).
*/
public static final Unit ATOMIC_MASS = nonSI(KILOGRAM
.times(1e-3 / AVOGADRO_CONSTANT));
/**
* A unit of mass equal to the mass of the electron
* (standard name me).
*/
public static final Unit ELECTRON_MASS = nonSI(KILOGRAM
.times(9.10938188e-31));
/**
* A unit of mass equal to 453.59237 grams (avoirdupois pound,
* standard name lb).
*/
public static final Unit POUND = nonSI(KILOGRAM.times(AVOIRDUPOIS_POUND_DIVIDEND).divide(AVOIRDUPOIS_POUND_DIVISOR));
/**
* A unit of mass equal to 1 / 16 {@link #POUND}
* (standard name oz).
*/
public static final Unit OUNCE = nonSI(POUND.divide(16));
/**
* A unit of mass equal to 2000 {@link #POUND} (short ton,
* standard name ton_us).
*/
public static final Unit TON_US = nonSI(POUND.times(2000));
/**
* A unit of mass equal to 2240 {@link #POUND} (long ton,
* standard name ton_uk).
*/
public static final Unit TON_UK = nonSI(POUND.times(2240));
/**
* A unit of mass equal to 1000 kg (metric ton,
* standard name t).
*/
public static final Unit METRIC_TON = nonSI(KILOGRAM.times(1000));
/////////////////////
// Electric charge //
/////////////////////
/**
* A unit of electric charge equal to the charge on one electron
* (standard name e).
*/
public static final Unit E = nonSI(COULOMB
.times(ELEMENTARY_CHARGE));
/**
* A unit of electric charge equal to equal to the product of Avogadro's
* number (see {@link SI#MOLE}) and the charge (1 e) on a single electron
* (standard name Fd).
*/
public static final Unit FARADAY = nonSI(COULOMB
.times(ELEMENTARY_CHARGE * AVOGADRO_CONSTANT)); // e/mol
/**
* A unit of electric charge which exerts a force of one dyne on an equal
* charge at a distance of one centimeter
* (standard name Fr).
*/
public static final Unit FRANKLIN = nonSI(COULOMB
.times(3.3356e-10));
/////////////////
// Temperature //
/////////////////
/**
* A unit of temperature equal to 5/9 °K
* (standard name °R).
*/
public static final Unit RANKINE = nonSI(KELVIN.times(5).divide(9));
/**
* A unit of temperature equal to degree Rankine minus
* 459.67 °R (standard name °F).
* @see #RANKINE
*/
public static final Unit FAHRENHEIT = nonSI(RANKINE.plus(459.67));
///////////
// Angle //
///////////
/**
* A unit of angle equal to a full circle or 2π
* {@link SI#RADIAN} (standard name rev).
*/
public static final Unit REVOLUTION = nonSI(RADIAN.times(2.0 * Math.PI));
/**
* A unit of angle equal to 1/360 {@link #REVOLUTION}
* (standard name °).
*/
public static final Unit DEGREE_ANGLE = nonSI(REVOLUTION.divide(360));
/**
* A unit of angle equal to 1/60 {@link #DEGREE_ANGLE}
* (standard name ′).
*/
public static final Unit MINUTE_ANGLE = nonSI(DEGREE_ANGLE.divide(60));
/**
* A unit of angle equal to 1/60 {@link #MINUTE_ANGLE}
* (standard name ").
*/
public static final Unit SECOND_ANGLE = nonSI(MINUTE_ANGLE.divide(60));
/**
* A unit of angle equal to 0.01 {@link SI#RADIAN}
* (standard name centiradian).
*/
public static final Unit CENTIRADIAN = nonSI(RADIAN.divide(100));
/**
* A unit of angle measure equal to 1/400 {@link #REVOLUTION}
* (standard name grade).
*/
public static final Unit GRADE = nonSI(REVOLUTION.divide(400));
//////////////
// Velocity //
//////////////
/**
* A unit of velocity expressing the number of international {@link
* #MILE miles} per {@link #HOUR hour} (abbreviation mph).
*/
public static final Unit MILES_PER_HOUR
= nonSI(NonSI.MILE.divide(NonSI.HOUR)).asType(Velocity.class);
/**
* A unit of velocity expressing the number of {@link SI#KILOMETRE} per
* {@link #HOUR hour}.
*/
public static final Unit KILOMETRES_PER_HOUR
= nonSI(SI.KILOMETRE.divide(NonSI.HOUR)).asType(Velocity.class);
/**
* Equivalent to {@link #KILOMETRES_PER_HOUR}.
*/
public static final Unit KILOMETERS_PER_HOUR = KILOMETRES_PER_HOUR;
/**
* A unit of velocity expressing the number of {@link #NAUTICAL_MILE
* nautical miles} per {@link #HOUR hour} (abbreviation kn).
*/
public static final Unit KNOT
= nonSI(NonSI.NAUTICAL_MILE.divide(NonSI.HOUR)).asType(Velocity.class);
/**
* A unit of velocity to express the speed of an aircraft relative to
* the speed of sound (standard name Mach).
*/
public static final Unit MACH = nonSI(METRES_PER_SECOND.times(331.6));
/**
* A unit of velocity relative to the speed of light
* (standard name c).
*/
public static final Unit C = nonSI(METRES_PER_SECOND.times(299792458));
//////////////////
// Acceleration //
//////////////////
/**
* A unit of acceleration equal to the gravity at the earth's surface
* (standard name grav).
*/
public static final Unit G = nonSI(METRES_PER_SQUARE_SECOND
.times(STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVIDEND).divide(STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVISOR));
//////////
// Area //
//////////
/**
* A unit of area equal to 100 m²
* (standard name a).
*/
public static final Unit ARE = nonSI(SQUARE_METRE.times(100));
/**
* A unit of area equal to 100 {@link #ARE}
* (standard name ha).
*/
public static final Unit HECTARE = nonSI(ARE.times(100)); // Exact.
/////////////////
// Data Amount //
/////////////////
/**
* A unit of data amount equal to 8 {@link SI#BIT}
* (BinarY TErm, standard name byte).
*/
public static final Unit BYTE = nonSI(BIT.times(8));
/**
* Equivalent {@link #BYTE}
*/
public static final Unit OCTET = BYTE;
//////////////////////
// Electric current //
//////////////////////
/**
* A unit of electric charge equal to the centimeter-gram-second
* electromagnetic unit of magnetomotive force, equal to 10/4
* πampere-turn (standard name Gi).
*/
public static final Unit GILBERT = nonSI(SI.AMPERE
.times(10.0 / (4.0 * Math.PI)));
////////////
// Energy //
////////////
/**
* A unit of energy equal to 1E-7 J
* (standard name erg).
*/
public static final Unit ERG = nonSI(JOULE.divide(10000000));
/**
* A unit of energy equal to one electron-volt (standard name
* eV, also recognized keV, MeV, GeV).
*/
public static final Unit ELECTRON_VOLT = nonSI(JOULE
.times(ELEMENTARY_CHARGE));
/////////////////
// Illuminance //
/////////////////
/**
* A unit of illuminance equal to 1E4 Lx
* (standard name La).
*/
public static final Unit LAMBERT = nonSI(LUX.times(10000));
///////////////////
// Magnetic Flux //
///////////////////
/**
* A unit of magnetic flux equal 1E-8 Wb
* (standard name Mx).
*/
public static final Unit MAXWELL = nonSI(WEBER.divide(100000000));
///////////////////////////
// Magnetic Flux Density //
///////////////////////////
/**
* A unit of magnetic flux density equal 1000 A/m
* (standard name G).
*/
public static final Unit GAUSS = nonSI(TESLA.divide(10000));
///////////
// Force //
///////////
/**
* A unit of force equal to 1E-5 N
* (standard name dyn).
*/
public static final Unit DYNE = nonSI(NEWTON.divide(100000));
/**
* A unit of force equal to 9.80665 N
* (standard name kgf).
*/
public static final Unit KILOGRAM_FORCE = nonSI(NEWTON
.times(STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVIDEND).divide(STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVISOR));
/**
* A unit of force equal to {@link #POUND}·{@link #G}
* (standard name lbf).
*/
public static final Unit POUND_FORCE = nonSI(NEWTON
.times(1L * AVOIRDUPOIS_POUND_DIVIDEND * STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVIDEND).divide(
1L * AVOIRDUPOIS_POUND_DIVISOR * STANDARD_GRAVITY_DIVISOR));
///////////
// Power //
///////////
/**
* A unit of power equal to the power required to raise a mass of 75
* kilograms at a velocity of 1 meter per second (metric,
* standard name hp).
*/
public static final Unit HORSEPOWER = nonSI(WATT.times(735.499));
//////////////
// Pressure //
//////////////
/**
* A unit of pressure equal to the average pressure of the Earth's
* atmosphere at sea level (standard name atm).
*/
public static final Unit ATMOSPHERE = nonSI(PASCAL.times(101325));
/**
* A unit of pressure equal to 100 kPa
* (standard name bar).
*/
public static final Unit BAR = nonSI(PASCAL.times(100000));
/**
* A unit of pressure equal to the pressure exerted at the Earth's
* surface by a column of mercury 1 millimeter high
* (standard name mmHg).
*/
public static final Unit MILLIMETER_OF_MERCURY =nonSI(PASCAL
.times(133.322));
/**
* A unit of pressure equal to the pressure exerted at the Earth's
* surface by a column of mercury 1 inch high
* (standard name inHg).
*/
public static final Unit INCH_OF_MERCURY = nonSI(PASCAL.times(3386.388));
/////////////////////////////
// Radiation dose absorbed //
/////////////////////////////
/**
* A unit of radiation dose absorbed equal to a dose of 0.01 joule of
* energy per kilogram of mass (J/kg) (standard name rd).
*/
public static final Unit RAD = nonSI(GRAY.divide(100));
/**
* A unit of radiation dose effective equal to 0.01 Sv
* (standard name rem).
*/
public static final Unit REM = nonSI(SIEVERT.divide(100));
//////////////////////////
// Radioactive activity //
//////////////////////////
/**
* A unit of radioctive activity equal to the activity of a gram of radium
* (standard name Ci).
*/
public static final Unit CURIE = nonSI(BECQUEREL
.times(37000000000L));
/**
* A unit of radioctive activity equal to 1 million radioactive
* disintegrations per second (standard name Rd).
*/
public static final Unit RUTHERFORD = nonSI(SI.BECQUEREL
.times(1000000));
/////////////////
// Solid angle //
/////////////////
/**
* A unit of solid angle equal to 4 π steradians
* (standard name sphere).
*/
public static final Unit SPHERE = nonSI(STERADIAN
.times(4.0 * Math.PI));
////////////
// Volume //
////////////
/**
* A unit of volume equal to one cubic decimeter (default label
* L, also recognized µL, mL, cL, dL).
*/
public static final Unit LITRE = nonSI(CUBIC_METRE.divide(1000));
/**
* Equivalent to {@link #LITRE} (American spelling).
*/
public static final Unit LITER = LITRE;
/**
* A unit of volume equal to one cubic inch (in³).
*/
public static final Unit CUBIC_INCH = nonSI(
INCH.pow(3).asType(Volume.class));
/**
* A unit of volume equal to one US gallon, Liquid Unit. The U.S. liquid
* gallon is based on the Queen Anne or Wine gallon occupying 231 cubic
* inches (standard name gal).
*/
public static final Unit GALLON_LIQUID_US = nonSI(CUBIC_INCH.times(231));
/**
* A unit of volume equal to 1 / 128 {@link #GALLON_LIQUID_US}
* (standard name oz_fl).
*/
public static final Unit OUNCE_LIQUID_US = nonSI(GALLON_LIQUID_US
.divide(128));
/**
* A unit of volume equal to one US dry gallon.
* (standard name gallon_dry_us).
*/
public static final Unit GALLON_DRY_US = nonSI(CUBIC_INCH.times(2688025).divide(10000));
/**
* A unit of volume equal to 4.546 09 {@link #LITRE}
* (standard name gal_uk).
*/
public static final Unit GALLON_UK = nonSI(LITRE.times(454609).divide(100000));
/**
* A unit of volume equal to 1 / 160 {@link #GALLON_UK}
* (standard name oz_fl_uk).
*/
public static final Unit OUNCE_LIQUID_UK = nonSI(GALLON_UK.divide(160));
///////////////
// Viscosity //
///////////////
/**
* A unit of dynamic viscosity equal to 1 g/(cm·s)
* (cgs unit).
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static final Unit
POISE = nonSI((Unit) GRAM.divide(CENTI(METRE).times(SECOND)));
/**
* A unit of kinematic viscosity equal to 1 cm²/s
* (cgs unit).
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static final Unit
STOKE = nonSI((Unit) CENTI(METRE).pow(2).divide(SECOND));
////////////
// Others //
////////////
/**
* A unit used to measure the ionizing ability of radiation
* (standard name Roentgen).
*/
public static final Unit ROENTGEN = nonSI(COULOMB.divide(KILOGRAM).times(2.58e-4));
/////////////////////
// Collection View //
/////////////////////
/**
* Returns a read only view over the units defined in this class.
*
* @return the collection of NonSI units.
*/
public Set> getUnits() {
return Collections.unmodifiableSet(UNITS);
}
/**
* Adds a new unit to the collection.
*
* @param unit the unit being added.
* @return unit.
*/
private static > U nonSI(U unit) {
UNITS.add(unit);
return unit;
}
}
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